Nobel Peace Prize Laureates

2004: Wangari Maathai, Kenya, 1940 –

For her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace.

2003: Shirin Ebadi, Iran, 1947 –

For her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children.

2002: Jimmy Carter, USA, 39th President of the United States of America, 1924 -

For his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development.

2001: The prize was divided equally between:
The United Nations ( U.N.)
and its
Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, Ghana, 1938-
For their work for a better organized and more peaceful world.

2000: Kim Dae Jung, Republic of Korea, 1925-.
For his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular.

1999: Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) In recognition of the organisation's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents.

1998: The prize was divided equally between:
John Hume, Northern Ireland, 1937-;
and
David Trimble, Northern Ireland, 1944-.
For their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland.

1997: The prize was divided equally between:
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL),
and
Jody Williams, USA, 1950-.

1996: The prize was divided equally between:
Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes, East Timor, 1948-;
and
Ramos-Horta, José , East Timor, 1949-.
For their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor.

1995: The prize was divided equally between:
Rotblat, Joseph, England, 1908-.
and
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, 1957-.
For their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics.

1994: The prize was divided equally between:
Arafat, Yasser, Palestine, 1929-.
Chairman of the PLO;
and
Peres, Shimon, Israel, 1923-.
Foreign minister of Israel;
and
Rabin, Yitzhak, Israel, 1922-1995.
Prime minister of Israel. Awarded for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East.

1993: The prize was divided equally between:
Mandela, Nelson, South Africa, 1918-.
Leader of the ANC.
and
de Klerk, Frederik Willem, South Africa, 1936-.
President of the Republic of South Africa.

1992: Menchú Tum, Rigoberta, Guatemala, 1959-.
Campaigner for human rights, especially for indigenous peoples.

1991: Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma, 1945-.
Opposition leader, human rights advocate.

1990: Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich, the Soviet Union, 1931-.
President of the Soviet Union, helped to bring the Cold War to an end.

1989: The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, Tibet, 1935-. Religious and political leader of the Tibetan people.

1988: The United Nations Peace-keeping Forces.

1987: Arias Sánchez, Oscar, Costa Rica, 1941-.
President of Costa Rica, initiator of peace negotiations in Central America.

1986: Wiesel, Elie, USA, 1928-.
Author, humanitarian.

1985: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Boston.

1984: Tutu, Desmond Mpilo, South Africa, 1931-.
Bishop, former Secretary General of the South African Council of Churches.

1983: Walesa, Lech, Poland, 1943-.
Founder of Solidarity, campaigner for human rights.

1982: The prize was divided equally between:
Myrdal, Alva, Sweden, 1902-1986.
Former Minister, diplomat and delegate to UN disarmament conferences;
and
García Robles, Alfonso, Mexico, 1911-1991.
Diplomat and campaigner for disarmament.

1981: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva.

1980: Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo, Argentina, 1931-.
Architect, campaigner for human rights.

1979: Mother Teresa, India, 1914-1997.
Leader of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity.

1978: The prize was divided equally between:
Al-Sadat, Mohammad Anwar, Egypt, 1918-1981.
President of Egypt;
and
Begin, Menachem, Israel, 1913-1992.
Prime Minister. Jointly negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel.

1977: Amnesty International, London.
A worldwide organization for the protection of the rights of prisoners of conscience.

1977: The prize for 1976 was divided equally between:
Williams, Betty, Northern Ireland, 1943-.
Co-founder of the Peace People;
and
Corrigan, Mairead, Northern Ireland, 1944-.
Co-founder of the Peace People.

1976: Reserved.

1975: Sakharov, Andrei, the Soviet Union, 1921-1989. Campaigner for human rights.

1974: The prize was divided equally between:
MacBride, Seán, Ireland, 1904-1988.
President of the International Peace Bureau, Geneva. UN Commissioner for Namibia;
and
Sato, Eisaku, Japan, 1901-1975.
Former Prime Minister.

1973: The prize was divided equally between:
Kissinger, Henry A., USA, 1923-.
Former Secretary of State;
and
Le Duc Tho, North Vietnam, 1910-1990. (Declined the prize.) Jointly negotiated the Vietnam peace accord in 1973.

1973: The prize money for 1972 was transferred to the Main Fund.

1972: Reserved.

1971: Brandt, Willy, West Germany, 1913-1992.
Former Chancellor, initiator of West Germany's «Ostpolitik», embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and East Germany.

1970: Borlaug, Norman Ernest, USA, 1914-.
Led research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico City.

1969: The International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva.

1968: Cassin, René, France, 1887-1976.
President of the European Court of Human Rights.

1968: One-third of the prize money for 1967 was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1967: Reserved.

1967: One-third of the prize money for 1966 was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1966: Reserved.

1965: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), New York, established by the UN in 1946. An international aid organization.

1964: King, Martin Luther, Jr., USA, 1929-1968.
Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, campaigner for civil rights.

1963: The prize was divided equally between:
The International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. Founded in 1863;
and
The League of Red Cross Societies, Geneva.

1963: The prize for 1962: Pauling, Linus Carl, USA, 1901-1994. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. Campaigner especially for an end to nuclear weapons tests.

1962: Reserved.

1961: Hammarskjöld, Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl, Sweden, 1905-1961
(awarded the Prize posthumously). UN Secretary-General.

1961: The prize for 1960: Lutuli, Albert John, South Africa, 1898-1967.
(Born in Southern Rhodesia.) President of the South African liberation movement the African National Congress.

1960: Reserved.

1959: Noel-Baker, Philip John, Great Britain, 1889-1982.
Member of Parliament. Campaigner for international cooperation and peace.

1958: Pire, Georges, Belgium, 1910-1969.
Dominican, head of the aid organization for refugees L'Europe du coeur au service du monde.

1957: Pearson, Lester Bowles, Canada, 1897-1972.
Former Foreign Minister, President of the UN General Assembly 1952.

1957: One-third of the prize money for 1956 was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1956: Reserved.

1956: One-third of the prize money for 1955 was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1955: Reserved.

1955: The prize for 1954: The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva. An international aid organization established by the UN in 1951.

1954: Reserved.

1953: The prize for 1952: Schweitzer, Albert, France, 1875-1965.
(Born in Kaysersberg, Alsace, then part of Germany.) Physician and missionary, founder of the Lambarene Hospital in Gabon.

1953: Marshall, George Catlett, USA, 1880-1959.
General, President of the American Red Cross, former Secretary of State and of Defense, delegate to the UN, originator of the Marshall Plan.

1952: Reserved.

1951: Jouhaux, Léon, France, 1879-1954.
President of the trade union CGT-Force ouvrière, President of the International Committee of the European Council, Vice President of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, Vice President of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council, delegate to the UN.

1950: Bunche, Ralph, USA, 1904-1971.
Professor at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., Director of the UN Division of Trusteeship, mediator in Palestine in 1948.

1949: Orr of Brechin, Baron John Boyd, Great Britain, 1880-1971.
Physician, nutritionist, leading organizer and Director General of the UN Food and Agricultural Organization, President of the National Peace Council and the World Union of Peace Organizations.

1949: One-third of the prize money for 1948 was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1948: Reserved.

1947: The prize was divided equally between:
The Friends Service Council, London. Founded in 1647;
and
The American Friends Service Committee (the Quakers), Washington. The society's first official meeting was held in 1672.

1946: The prize was divided equally between:
Balch, Emily Greene, USA, 1867-1961.
Former Professor of History and Sociology. International President of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom;
and
Mott, John Raleigh, USA, 1865-1955.
Chairman of the first International Missionary Council in 1910, President of the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations.

1945: The prize for 1944: The International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. Founded 1863.

1945: Hull, Cordell, USA, 1871-1955.
Former Secretary of State. One of the initiators of the United Nations.

1944: Reserved.

1944: One-third of the prize money for 1943 was transferred to the Main Fund, and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1943: Reserved.

1939-1942: Of the prize money for this period, one-third was transferred to the Main Fund and two-thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1938: The Nansen International Office for Refugees (Office international Nansen pour les réfugiés), Geneva. An international aid organization established by Fridtjof Nansen in 1921.

1937: Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil), Great Britain, 1864-1958.
Writer. Former Lord Privy Seal, founder and President of the International Peace Campaign.

1936: The prize for 1935: Ossietzky, Carl von, Germany, 1889-1938.
Journalist (with Die Weltbühne, among others), pacifist.

1936: Saavedra Lamas, Carlos, Argentina, 1878-1959.
Foreign Minister, President of the League of Nations, arbitrator in the dispute between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935.

1935: Reserved.

1934: The prize for 1933: Angell (Lane), Sir (Ralph) Norman, Great Britain, 1874-1967.
Writer. Member of the Executive Committee of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council. Author of the book The Great Illusion, among others.

1934: Henderson, Arthur, Great Britain, 1863-1935.
Former Foreign Secretary. Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1932-34.

1933: The prize money for 1932 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1933: Reserved.

1932: Reserved.

1931: The prize was divided equally between:
Addams, Jane, USA, 1860-1935.
Sociologist. International President of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom;
and
Butler, Nicholas Murray, USA, 1862-1947.
President of Columbia University, promoter of the Briand-Kellogg Pact.

1930: The prize for 1929: Kellogg, Frank Billings, USA, 1856-1937.
Former Secretary of State. Negotiated the Briand-Kellogg Pact.

1930: Söderblom, Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan), Sweden, 1866-1931.
Archbishop, leader of the ecumenical movement.

1929: The prize money for 1928 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1929: Reserved.

1928: Reserved.

1927: The prize was divided equally between:
Buisson, Ferdinand Edouard, France, 1841-1932.
Former Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Founder and President of the League of Human Rights (Ligue des droits de l'homme);
and
Quidde, Ludwig, Germany, 1858-1941.
Historian, professor honoris causa, member of the Bavarian parliament; member of Germany's constituent assembly 1919; delegate to numerous peace conferences. 1925: The prize money for 1924 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1926: The prize was divided equally between:
Briand, Aristide, France, 1862-1932.
Foreign Minister, a negotiator of the Locarno Treaty and the Briand-Kellogg Pact;
and
Stresemann, Gustav, Germany, 1878-1929.
Former Chancellor, Foreign Minister. A negotiator of the Locarno Treaty.

1926: The prize for 1925 was divided equally between: Chamberlain, Sir (Joseph) Austen, Great Britain, 1863-1937. Foreign Minister. A negotiator of the Locarno Treaty;
and
Dawes, Charles Gates, USA, 1865-1951.
Vice President of the USA. Chairman of the Allied Reparation Commission and originator of the Dawes Plan.

1925: Reserved.

1924: The prize money for 1923 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1924: Reserved.

1923: Reserved.

1922: Nansen, Fridtjof, Norway, 1861-1930.
Explorer, scientist and humanitarian. Norway's delegate to the League of Nations. Initiator of the Nansen Passport (for refugees).

1921: The prize was divided equally between:
Branting, Karl Hjalmar, Sweden, 1860-1925.
Prime Minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the League of Nations;
and
Lange, Christian Lous, Norway, 1869-1938.
Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (Union interparlementaire), Brussels.

1920: The prize for 1919: Wilson, Thomas Woodrow, USA, 1856-1924.
President of the USA. Founder of the League of Nations.

1920: Bourgeois, Léon Victor Auguste, France, 1851-1925. Former Minister of Culture, Minister of Justice and Prime Minister, President of parliament, President of the Council of the League of Nations.

1919: The prize money for 1918 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1919: Reserved.

1918: Reserved.

1917: The prize money for 1916 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1917: The International Committee of the Red Cross (Comité International de la Croix-Rouge), Geneva. Founded in 1863.

1916: The prize money for 1915 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1916: Reserved.

1915: The prize money for 1914 was allocated to the Nobel Institute's Special Fund.

1915: Reserved.

1914: Reserved.

1913: The prize for 1912: Root, Elihu, USA, 1845-1937.
Former Secretary of State. Initiator of several arbitration agreements.

1913: La Fontaine, Henri, Belgium, 1854-1943.
Member of the Belgian parliament (Sénateur). President of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau international permanent de la paix), Bern.

1912: Reserved.

1911: The prize was divided equally between:
Asser, Tobias Michael Carel, the Netherlands, 1838-1913. Lawyer, Cabinet Minister. Initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de droit international privé) at the Hague;
and
Fried, Alfred Hermann, Austria, 1864-1921.
Journalist, founder of the peace journal Die Waffen Nieder (later renamed Die Friedenswarte).

1910: The Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix), Bern. Founded in 1891.

1909: The prize was divided equally between:
Beernaert, Auguste Marie François, Belgium, 1829-1912. Former Prime Minister, member of the Belgian parliament, member of the International Court of Arbitration (Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage) at the Hague;
and
d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet, Baron De Constant de Rebecque, France, 1852-1924.
Member of the French parliament (Sénateur). Founder and President of the French parliamentary group for international arbitration (Groupe parlementaire de l'arbitrage international). Founder of the Commitee for the defence of national interests and international conciliation (Comité de défense des intérêts nationaux et de conciliation internationale).

1908: The prize was divided equally between:
Arnoldson, Klas Pontus, Sweden, 1844-1916.
Writer, former member of the Swedish parliament. Founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League (Svenska freds- og skiljedomsföreningen);
and
Bajer, Fredrik, Denmark, 1837-1922.
Member of the Danish parliament. Hon. President of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau international permanent de la paix), Bern.

1907: The prize was divided equally between:
Moneta, Ernesto Teodoro, Italy, 1833-1918.
President of the Lombard League of Peace (Società internazionale per la pace: Unione Lombarda);
and
Renault, Louis, France, 1843-1918.
Professor of International Law, the Sorbonne, Paris.

1906: Roosevelt, Theodore, USA, 1858-1919.
President of the USA. Drew up the 1905 peace treaty between Russia and Japan.

1905: Suttner, Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau, Austria, 1843-1914 (born in Prague, then part of Austria). Writer. Hon. President of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix), Bern. Author of the book Die Waffen nieder (Lay Down your Arms).

1904: Institut de Droit International (Institute of International Law), Gent, Belgium (a scientific society founded in 1873).

1903: Cremer, Sir William Randal, Great Britain, 1838-1908.Member of Parliament. Secretary of the International Arbitration League.

1902: The prize was divided equally between:
Ducommun, Élie, Switzerland, 1833-1906.
Hon. Secretary of the Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix), Bern;
and
Gobat, Charles Albert, Switzerland, 1843-1914.
Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (Union interparlementaire), Bern.

1901: The prize was divided equally between:
Dunant, Jean Henry, Switzerland, 1828-1910.
Founder of the Red Cross (Comité International de la Croix-Rouge), Geneva. Initiator of the Geneva Convention;
and
Passy, Frédéric, France, 1822-1912.
Founder and President of the first French peace society (Ligue internationale et permanente de la paix, later known as Société française pour l'arbitrage entre nations).